Examples of Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)

Top 3 Examples of Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)

Example #1

Company ABC Ltd. has the following details for recording the inventory for the calendar year ending on December 31st, 2018.

Inventory at the beginning of the calendar year, recorded on January 1st, 2018, is $11,000, and the Inventory at the end of the calendar year, recorded on December 31st, 2018, is $3,000. During the calendar year, the company makes purchases of $6,000. Calculate the cost of goods sold during the calendar year ending on December 31st, 2018.

Solution

Using the above details, the COGS will be calculated for the year ending on December 31st, 2018, for company ABC Ltd.

Calculation of Cost of Goods Sold is as follows –

Cost of Goods Sold formula = Beginning Inventory + Purchases – Ending InventoryEnding InventoryThe ending inventory formula computes the total value of finished products remaining in stock at the end of an accounting period for sale. It is evaluated by deducting the cost of goods sold from the total of beginning inventory and purchases.read more.

Cost of Goods Sold = $11,000 + $6,000 – $3,000

Cost of Goods Sold = $14,000

Analysis

Thus in the present case, the cost of goods sold by company ABC Ltd. for the year ending on December 31st, 2018, is $14,000. This number is vital for the company as it will help it make a better decision. E.g., Let’s say the same material is available at a better rate in the market. The company will compare prices and go for low costing with the same product quality.

Along with the evaluation of the cost and profits, the cost of goods sold will also help the company in planning out the purchases for the next year as the company will get to know that out of beginning inventory and purchases, what is left out as ending inventory for the following year.

Example #2

Solution: In the present example, the details given are as follows:

  • Purchases during the year: $50,000Closing inventory: $10,000

Cost of Goods Sold Calculation – 

Cost of Goods Sold = Opening inventory + Purchases – Closing Inventory

Cost of Goods Sold = $ 0 + $50,000 – $10,000

Cost of Goods Sold = $40,000

In this case, since the operations were only started during the current year, there will be no opening inventory of the company. Thus, the same will be taken as zero while calculating the cost of goods sold.

Example #3

Company ABC Ltd. manufactures and sells cookies. The direct cost of manufacturing one packet of cookies comes to $ 1.5 per unit. The opening inventory of the cookies is 3,000 units. During the year, it made purchases worth $50,000, received a discount of $5,000, and incurred $10,000 as freight expenses. Out of the total purchases, purchases worth $7,000 were returned to the party. At the end of the year, it had 1,000 units as the closing inventory. Calculate the cost of goods sold.

The calculation of Opening Inventory Cost will be as follows-

  • Opening Inventory Cost = Opening units * direct cost per unitOpening Inventory Cost = 3,000 * $ 1.5 = $4,500

The calculation of Closing Inventory Cost will be as follows-

  • Closing Inventory Cost = Closing units * direct cost per unitClosing Inventory Cost = 1,000 * $ 1.5 = $1,500

Cost of Goods Sold Calculation

  • Cost of Goods Sold = Opening inventory + Purchases – Discount –Purchase return + Freight in – Closing InventoryCost of Goods Sold = $4,500 + $50,000 – $5,000 – $7,000 + $10,000 – $1,500Cost of Goods Sold = $51,000

Analysis: The cost of goods sold by the company is $51,000. Return and allowances are deducted while calculating the cost of goods sold as they are returned to the customers. Discount received decreases the purchase cost, reducing the cost of goods sold. Freight is the direct expenditure incurred for purchasing the material and thus added while calculating the cost of goods sold.

Conclusion

The accounting term, which describes the expenses incurred for creating the goods or obtaining the goods to sell them, is known as the cost of the goods sold. It includes direct costsDirect CostsDirect cost refers to the cost of operating core business activity—production costs, raw material cost, and wages paid to factory staff. Such costs can be determined by identifying the expenditure on cost objects.read more only. The businesses that are into the business of selling the products can only list the cost of the goods sold on their statement of income. While calculating the cost of the goods sold, only the inventory sold during the current accounting periodAccounting PeriodAccounting Period refers to the period in which all financial transactions are recorded and financial statements are prepared. This might be quarterly, semi-annually, or annually, depending on the period for which you want to create the financial statements to be presented to investors so that they can track and compare the company’s overall performance.read more should be included.

The cost of the goods sold is shown in the statement of income. It should be taken as an expense while analyzing that accounting period. The cost of the goods sold is matched with revenues earned from selling the goods, thereby considering the gross profitGross ProfitGross Profit shows the earnings of the business entity from its core business activity i.e. the profit of the company that is arrived after deducting all the direct expenses like raw material cost, labor cost, etc. from the direct income generated from the sale of its goods and services.read more. The cost of the goods sold is matched with revenues earned from selling the goods, thereby considering the matching principle of the accountingMatching Principle Of The AccountingThe Matching Principle of Accounting provides accounting guidance, stating that all expenses should be recognized in the income statement of the period in which the revenue related to that expense is earned. This means that, regardless of when the actual transaction is made, the expenses that are entered into the debit side of the accounts should have a corresponding credit entry in the same period.read more. When the cost of the goods is subtracted from the total revenue, the results will be the gross profit. While calculating the cost of the goods sold, the inventory methods used by the company for valuing the inventory should be taken care of as it can give the different costs of the goods sold for the identical companies.

This article has been a guide to the Cost of Goods Sold Examples. Here we discuss the calculation of the COGS along with practical examples and a detailed explanation. You can learn more about finance from the following articles –

  • Cost of Goods Sold Journal EntryIs Inventory a Current Asset?Cost of Goods ManufacturedCost Per Unit Definition